What is a molecular compound?

A molecular compound (also known as a covalent compound) is a chemical compound whose composition consists of molecules. These molecules are formed when two or more nonmetal atoms share electrons to form a chemical bond, specifically a <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/covalent%20bond">covalent bond</a>.

Here are some key characteristics:

  • Bonding: The primary type of bonding is <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/covalent%20bond">covalent bonding</a>, where atoms share electrons rather than transferring them (as in ionic compounds).
  • Composition: Molecular compounds are generally formed between two or more nonmetal elements.
  • Properties: They often have relatively low melting and boiling points compared to <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/ionic%20compounds">ionic compounds</a>. Many exist as gases or liquids at room temperature.
  • Solubility: Solubility in water varies, with some being highly soluble and others nearly insoluble, depending on their <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/polarity">polarity</a>.
  • Electrical Conductivity: Molecular compounds generally do not conduct electricity well in either the solid or liquid state, as there are no freely moving ions or electrons.
  • Examples: Common examples include water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁).
  • Nomenclature: Naming molecular compounds follows specific rules that often involve prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule (e.g., di-, tri-, tetra-). These rules differ from naming <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/ionic%20compounds">ionic compounds</a>.